June 25 - Milt Kahl

Image courtesy d23.com

On this day, in 1934, Milton Erwin Kahl began working at the Walt Disney Studio. Born on March 22, 1909 in San Francisco, California, Milt loved drawing so much he dropped out of high school to follow his dreams of becoming a cartoonist. He started by working in newspapers layout artist for first the Oakland Post-Enquirer and then the San Francisco Bulletin. After getting his feet wet, he went out on his own, starting a commercial art business, just in time for the Great Depression to begin its strangle hold on the nation's economy. Milt struggled to keep his shop open until one day, in 1933, when he went to the movies for a mental health break and saw a Silly Symphony, The Three Little Pigs. He thought it was the most fantastic thing he'd ever seen and was immediately hooked on animation. By June 1934, his own enterprise was at an end and he applied at the Walt Disney Studio for a job. His talents were so impressive, he skipped the inbetweener position and began as an assistant animator.

Image copyright Disney

Milt began his Disney career in the Shorts Department, making contributions to classics like The Lonesome Ghosts, Mickey's Circus and the Academy Award winning Silly Symphony The Ugly Duckling. It didn't take long for him to move up to animator. I mean pretty much everyone got promotions once production started on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, but Milt really deserved his. For the studio's first feature, he was in charge of animating the Woodland Animals and the Prince. By the second feature, Pinocchio, all of Milt's peers were awe of his talents. Ollie Johnston remembers Fred Moore coming into his office one day just raving about Milt's drawings. Ollie went to look for himself and was blown away. Walt was so impressed he made Milt Pinocchio's supervising animator.

Not only did Milt become one of Walt's Nine Old Men (as did Ollie), he's generally considered the leader of the group. He was comfortable and talented enough to do technically hard things like realistic looking fawns or stag antlers, he could also do artistically hard things like humans. Throughout the decades, Milt was responsible for finalizing the look of hundreds of characters in dozens of films. The list of characters he personally animated is almost mind blowing:

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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs - Forest Animals and Prince

Pinocchio - Pinocchio and some of Jiminy Cricket

Bambi - Bambi, Thumper, several deer

Saludos Amigos - riding a llama sequence

Make Mine Music - The Martins and the Coys

Song of the South - Br'er Rabbit, Br'er Fox, Br'er Bear (especially the Tar Baby sequence)

Fun and Fancy Free - Lulubelle, Lumpjaw and various bears

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Melody Time - Johnny Appleseed, Guardian Angel, Slue Foot Sue, Pecos Bill

The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad - Angus MacBadger, Rat, Mole, an angry mob, Brom Bones

Cinderella - Fairy Godmother, Prince Charming, The King, The Grand Duke

Alice in Wonderland - Alice, the White Rabbit, the Dodo, flamingos and hedgehogs

Peter Pan - Peter Pan, Wendy Darling, John Darling, Michael Darling, Mr and Mrs. Darling, Nana

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Lady and the Tramp - Lady, Tramp, Beaver, Trusty

Sleeping Beauty - Prince Phillip, King Hubert, King Stefan, animals, Samson

One Hundred and One Dalmatians - Roger, Anita, Pongo, Perdita

The Sword in the Stone - Wart, Merlin, Sir Ector, Kay, Archemedes, Madame Mim, dogs

Mary Poppins - Master of Hounds, hounds, fox

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The Jungle Book - Mowgli, Baloo, Bagheera, Shere Khan, King Louie, Kaa, the Vultures

The Aristocats - Thomas O'Malley, Duchess, Madame Bonfamille, Edgar, George

Bedknobs and Broomsticks - King Leonidas, Secretary Bird

Robin Hood - Robin Hood, the Sheriff of Nottingham, Little John, Allan-a-Dale, Maid Marian, Friar
 Tuck, King Richard

The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh - Tigger, some Winnie the Pooh, a little Piglet

The Rescuers - Madame Medusa, Mr. Snoops, Penny, Brutus and Nero

Image courtesy waltdisney.org

Once you've wrapped your mind around that list, realize this: not only did he animate all those characters, but for the titles in bold, he was also that film's directing animator. Meaning he animated his characters and made sure that all the other characters were being handle correctly as well. I don't think it's an understatement to say that if Milt's commercial art business hadn't failed, the Walt Disney Studio wouldn't have been as successful as it was.

Milt retired in 1976, as production was wrapping up on The Rescuers and after 42 years creating magic for millions of moviegoers. He moved back to the Bay Area and spent the remainder of his days making wire sculptures of ballerinas and other human forms. On April 19, 1987, Milt succumbed to pneumonia at his home in Mill Valley, California. Just two years later, in the second class of inductees, Milt and his fellow Old Men would be declared official Disney Legends. If he'd been there to accept the award, he would probably have declared, with his usual humility, "Aww... You're full of it!" And indeed, every time we watch a Disney classic, because of Milt, we are full of It.

November 23 - Fred Moore

On this day, in 1952, animator Fred Moore passed away in Los Angeles, California following complications as a result of a car accident the day before. Born in the same city on September 7, 1911, Fred had very little formal training as an artist. He attended a handful of art classes at the famous Chouinard Art Institute, which he paid for by bartering janitorial services, but the rest was all natural talent. Shortly after graduating from Polytechnic High School, Fred took advantage of the situation when a friend of his had to bail on a job interview at the Walt Disney Studios. The then 19 year old went to apply instead and got the job.

Fred started out in the Shorts Department (mainly because the Features department wouldn't exist for several more years). He became an expert at drawing the studios scrappy little mouse. He was also the main animator for the Silly Symphony of The Three Little Pigs. Walt's comment after seeing the finished Pigs was "at last, we have achieved true personality in a whole picture." The picture won the Oscar for Best Animated Short in 1934. Fred would work on over 35 shorts, earning another Oscar and an additional Oscar nomination in the process.

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Shortly after the release of The Three Little Pigs, Walt put Fred in charge of another group of characters, the dwarfs from the studio's first animated feature. Fellow animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston once declared that the dwarfs were Fred's crowning achievement saying "in the public's eye there have been no more memorable characters than the dwarfs." Fred would continue to contribute to features with the characters of Lampwick in Pinocchio (generally considered to be a self portrait), Timothy Q. Mouse in Dumbo, some of the scenes with the mice in Cinderella, the oysters in Alice in Wonderland and the mermaids in Peter Pan.

Image copyright Disney

Contrary to Frank and Ollie's assertion about the dwarfs, I think Fred's biggest, longest lasting contribution to Disney was the redesign of Mickey Mouse for 1940's Fantasia. He did principal animation for Mickey on the short Brave Little Tailor, which was the last time the mouse appeared as a "pie-eyed" character. For Fantasia, the biggest change Fred gave Mickey was actual pupils in his eyes, something that made the character exponentially more expressive. He also made Mickey's body more pear shaped than round and changed his skin tone from white to be more Caucasian. Not much has changed for Mickey since then other than his fashion sense.

Photo taken from traditionalanimation.com

One of Fred's other legacies are the sketches he would do of young ladies. Sometimes they were nude, sometimes (at least partially) clothed but they were always in humorous poses. Other animators were constantly asking Fred for drawings of his girls and they even influenced the looks of the centaurettes in Fantasia and Casey's daughters in the short Casey at the Bat, among others.  His unique design eventually became a class of its own known as a Freddie Moore Girl. Animators still refer to that look today.

Fred left the Disney studio for two years in the late Forties to work for Walter Lantz's studio, where he helped redesign another iconic character, Woody Woodpecker. His life would be tragically cut short during work on Peter Pan when he and his second wife, Virginia, were in a head-on collision returning from a football game in November 1952. Fred would survive long enough to make it to St. Joseph's Hospital in Burbank, across the street from the Disney studio. 14 years later, Walt would pass away in the same building. For all of his genius at the drawing board, Fred would be given the Winsor McCay Award in 1983 and be made an official Disney Legend in 1995.